CR-10 S5: The 10 Most Useful Modifications

If you've seen pretty much anything I've ever posted here, you'll know that I own a CR-10 S5. Since the first day I purchased it nearly two years ago, there's been a non-stop flow of modifications going in and out of the printer to try to optimize print quality - with the S5 absolutely exceeding the mechanical design considerations of the Cartesian format, there is something inherently Sisyphesian to the task. 

 

After all my time, effort and money, I've compiled a list of ABSOLUTELY ESSENTIAL MODIFICATIONS for the CR-10 S5.

01. ANTCLabs BL-Touch

In my opinion, the BL-Touch (or other automatic bed leveling probe) is an absolute must-have for ANY Cartesian 3D printer. With some simple firmware adjustments in Marlin and Klipper, you can say goodbye to bed leveling screws FOREVER. Manually adjusting your bed screws and doing paper tests on the nozzle become a thing of the past, and on huge printers like the S5, the benefits cannot be overstated. You can buy one here! Note: the metal probe tip featured in the above image was phased out several generations ago in favor of an engineered plastic which has a far longer lifespan.

02. Keenovo Silicon AC Bed Heater

While I'm not particularly spiritual, it is said that God works in mysterious ways. So too do the engineers at Creality, whom decided a 300mm DC bed heater was sufficient for a printer with a 500mm bed plate. If you've owned any 3D printer, you've encountered the limitations of DC heaters only just barely making it to 80C at best, and even then, taking as long as 10 minutes to do so. With a Keenovo AC bed heater, you can push your bed as hot as 260C (please don't do this!) in mere minutes - seconds, even, for common printing temperatures from 60C-110C. The downside is that integrating a Keenovo AC heater to your 3D printer's mainboard may prove difficult depending on the mainboard infrastructure. However, after thousands and thousands of printing hours, I've found having to turn the bed heater on and off to not be much of an annoyance. It also prevents inter-print cooldown of the bed - once you finish a batch of ABS parts, you don't have to wait for the bed to heat back up, it's just ready immediately. The control box for the Keenovo bed heater is also incredibly simple to use, so you won't be endlessly scrolling through menus trying to find the setting you need. You can find these easily on Amazon, eBay, and Aliexpress, but make sure that it's the right size for your bed and has pass-through holes for the bed screws pre-installed! You CANNOT safely drill into these blindly!

03. Diagonal Frame Reinforcements

These are struts that run diagonally from the front of the printer's lower frame to the top of the Z axis struts. These dramatically decrease the Z-axis wobble on taller prints, which are a serious problem when the bed is flopping around like crazy 30 hours into a 50 hour print. While some commercially-available kits work, I made mine using 5/8th" threaded rods, nuts, washers, some 3D printed brackets, and some post-assembly M4 T-nuts.

04. TL Smoothers

All Creality printers have an inherent problem of using A4988 stepper drivers by default. While these little guys are legendary and widely-proliferated for a reason, they unfortunately result in the "salmon skinning" effect that is infamous among Creality machine owners. TL Smoothers are a cheap and easy modification to put in line between the steppers and stepper drivers, and will completely (or mostly, anyway) remove the salmon skinning effect. You can buy a set here! However, if you want a less cumbersome option that comes with the added benefit of reducing the "robot noises" your printer makes while printing...

05. Creality V1.1.5 Mainboard (with TMC2208 stepper drivers!)

This is a full replacement for the factory mainboard. It comes equipped with TMC2208 stepper drivers. While Creality uses this as a marketing point for a more silent printer, this also significantly reduced artifacts caused by the A4988 stepper drivers, removing the need for TL Smoothers entirely. Unfortunately, this mainboard tends to come in and out of stock everywhere I've found it rapidly, so just keep an eye out for a Creality V1.1.5 mainboard with 2208 stepper drivers! The only real downside of this mainboard is that you lose the independent pin headers for each of the two Z-steppers, but you can easily wire up a splitter, which works fine! Note: This board requires a 24v power supply. Which leads me to the next point...

 

06. Meanwell 24v Power Supply 

By replacing just a handful of fans, your mainboard, and your heater cartridge, you can convert your CR-10 S5 to 24v. This gets your hotend up to printing temperature faster, runs the steppers cooler, and allows you to use the previously-mentioned V1.1.5 mainboard. It's worth it! Believe me! You can buy one here!

07. E3D V6 All-Metal Hotend

Unfortunately, all standard Creality printers come with partially-metal hotends. This means there's a PTFE liner inside of your hotend, and if you raise the hotend temperature to ABS temperatures, you risk vaporizing the PTFE liner. This is incredibly dangerous, so if you want to print materials like ABS, PETG, and Nylon reliably and safely, getting an all-metal hotend is a GREAT idea! To be fully clear, PTFE-lined hotends are safe up to 240C, but in the event of a thermal runaway incident, restricting the use to around 220C gives you a few extra seconds to shut the printer off before you inhale dangerous PTFE vapor. I've found the E3D V6 to be ultimately reliable and allow a great range of print quality. While this isn't the cutting edge anymore, it's an absolute workhorse with a variety of nozzle diameters available. It can be a fantastic introduction to aftermarket hotends for newer enthusiasts. You can purchase an E3D V6 here!

08. CR-10 Heavy-Duty Customizable Print Head

This customizable print head allows you a whole lot of expansion over the stock print head. If you replace the anemic 4010 parts cooling fan with a 5010, or even two 5010's, you should consider this. It also has options for mounting an ANTCLabs BL-Touch, and supports the E3D V6! I've used several different printhead configurations on my S5, and this has been the best so far. You can learn more about this printhead and download the .STL files here!

 

AND THIS IS TO GO EVEN FURTHER BEYOND! AAAAHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH!!!

09. MGN-12 and MGN-9 Slide Rails

One of the greatest weaknesses of Creality printers is the rubber V-slot wheel bearings they use to guide all of the axiis. Luckily, these can be replaced with CNC machine hardware! These slide rails are meant to move assemblies orders of magnitude heavier than anything on your 3D printer, and they result in much more consistent motions. While the X-axis and Z-axis are largely optional, I found replacing the Y-axis V-slot wheel bearings with MGN-12 slide rails absolutely essential to remove the floppy motion along the Z axis. I recommend purchasing these on Aliexpress (with abundant patience) for the best deal. I suggest Funssor-branded slide rails if you can find them, but everyone seems to have their favorite brand. If you get these, be sure to invest in some PTFE-based lubricant, and buy some spare ball bearings. Do some research on how to maintain them and disassembly/reassemble the carriages, because you may find that some bearings are missing when you get your rails, or some might slip out if you ever take them off of the rails. 

10. Klipper Firmware and Octoprint

This one's a bit of a doozy. First, you'll need a Raspberry Pi - recommended is the 3B+ or newer. Then, install either MainsailOS or OctoPrint, and follow TeachingTech's excellent guide on the Klipper firmware install. Now, before you dive into this project, DO SOME RESEARCH and do not be afraid of having to sift through perhaps dozens of guides from different places to solve problems. This is a very involved overhaul and will push beginners to their limits, but this is the real way to push the S5's performance ceiling above and beyond what is possible with mere hardware adaptations. A key feature of Klipper is the Resonance Compensation and Pressure Advance, which will remove the unavoidable Y-axis banding and rounded corners that plague prints from the CR-10 S5.

Welp, that's the list. Hundreds of hours of R&D over the course of two years of ownership have lead me to this list being the essential upgrades for the CR-10 S5. If you have any suggestions for other parts or general questions, be sure to put it down in the comments!

-Craig, Easterworks

The Oni Mask Cover Everyone's Making

Note: You will see a lot of links to products in this build log. These are not sponsored or affiliate links, these are just links to exactly what I used if you decide to closely replicate my process!

 

I decided it would be fun to 3D print SeanAranda's Oni Cyber Punk Mask. I have a beard that protrudes several inches down from my jaw, so I tend to look silly in the fabric and disposable dust masks everyone's required to wear right now to combat the spread of COVID-19, and I had been thinking of a way to make a mask that I could tuck my beard into so it would look less silly. The Oni mask gained some traction on Reddit's r/3DPrinting subreddit, so I figured it would be a good candidate to try out my ideas.

The first step, naturally, was to print the mask. I printed it on my heavily modified Creality CR-10 S5. I adhered the pieces together using the only tube of Gorilla 2-Part Epoxy in the entire state that wasn't expired. Here are the parameters I used:

• 0.2mm layer height
• 0.4mm line width
• 4 walls
• 15% gyroid infill
• AMZ3D PLA

Now, it's worth noting that you shouldn't make masks out of PLA unless you intend to give them some kind of coating. Typically people will use an epoxy resin coat. The reason for this is because PLA is fairly porous and gives bacteria (and viruses!) ample hiding places to avoid disinfectant. I'll be painting the mask with several layers of paint, so I don't have to worry about this issue. I still need to spray it with disinfectant once in a while for safety, though. 

After the epoxy dried, I noticed that there were a lot of gaps in the mask, especially in the "laugh lines" by the nose. I recently bought a 1 lb kit of Aves Apoxie Sculpt, so I figured I would just use that.

I also found during this process that, while Apoxie Sculpt has a 24-hour set time, this can be accelerated to 3 hours if I turn the heated bed on my printer to 60C (140F) and keep the mask in the enclosure. The ambient temperature rises to around 35C (95F), which not only accelerates the chemical reaction to harden the putty, but also significantly lowers the ambient humidity (from around 70% to 25%).

Next up was the first primer pass. I didn't bother doing anything other than removing and sanding notably problematic areas because I wanted to try out hitting a mostly raw print with a high-fill primer to do most of the work for me.

The amount of sanding I had to do after this to get a good, consistent, layer line free finish took about 20 minutes with some 220 grit sandpaper backed with duct tape. That allowed me to get into the awkward areas around the teeth, and the sandpaper held together longer than it would have otherwise. I took the opportunity to normalize areas such as the bottom of the chin. Now it just needed another heavy primer layer and some polishing.

For the polishing process, I typically use 500-100pgt sandpaper with water. However, the nature of this project being "make the processing phase FASTER!", I tried a new idea: a simple Scotch-Brite Heavy Duty Scrub Sponge. I used the rough side (somewhat like a Brillo pad) to rough up the surface and impart some small scratches and features, then used the soft side to polish the surface. The top piece in this image has not yet been hit with the sponge, while the lower piece has. There are still a few areas in this that look "ratty" - some are just paint dust that needs to be wiped away, other areas are things that won't be visible about on the final item and I don't care about.

Now it's time to hit it with the actual paint. I started with two coats of Krylon Fusion All-In-One Hammered Silver. This paint was the best and closest thing I could find to the undercoat color I wanted, though ideally this would not have been an all-in-one paint (these layers tend to be thicker and cover up some detail). I figured, to avoid losing so much detail, I would use half the passes I normally would.

I allowed the paint to sit in direct sunlight for 20 minutes, then hit it with Rustoleum Oil Rubbed Bronze. I wanted this item to look like it was made of metal (obviously), but I felt just going with a straight gunmetal or metallic black top coat would be a bit boring.

I let this sit in the sun for around 40 minutes, then transferred it to my 3D printer enclosure for the same treatment as the Apoxie Sculpt. After a further 20 minutes, the paint was rigid enough that I felt comfortable hitting it with the Scotch-Brite pad. I then went absolutely bat shit with the Scotch-Brite, doing random swirls, aggressive "strikes", and general wear marks.

I'm pretty sure I achieved the look I wanted just with the paint and Scotch-Brite pad. I was going to do a black acrylic wash to make the lines stand out a bit more, but I don't think it's needed now. I decided not to apply a layer of clear coat to encourage a natural wear on the mask surface down to the hammered silver layer.

I put the teeth through the same kind of treatment and installed them into the mouth.

I had to shore up the teeth with some epoxy and Apoxie sculpt because the mounting method the original designer used was somewhat... insufficient. So I needed to make them a bit stronger.

 

 

I masked the teeth so I could spraypaint the Apoxie sculpt lumps. They aren't very visible from the outside, but I wanted to eliminate their possible visibility at odd angles as much as possible.

With the painting and assembly done, it was now time to figure out the harness, beard concealment, and how this thing is going to interact with a face mask. First, I got the straps around the original mounting points figured out - easy enough.

I used a sewing needle for canvas and some carpet thread to secure the loops. The one part I messed up at in this process was I put the female side of the belt on "backwards", which doesn't really affect function, and you can't notice the mistake unless you're looking very closely and specifically for it.

Now, the upper "cheek bone" strap was a bit awkward. It needed to go up over my ears and secure at the top of my skull.

I had to scratch up the paint and Apoxie sculpt where the straps needed to go so the Gorilla epoxy had some purchase to grab into.

I secured one of the straps around my face, put the mask on, and then masking taped on the strap where it fit best. This shows how I kind of "keyed" the masking tape to the mask (held up about 2mm out of place so you can see the angle of the tape).

After waiting (what felt like) ages for the epoxy to set up, I began also epoxying the "beard hider" into place - the sleeve of an old, black, stretchy undershirt. This was a PAIN - I mixed a small amount of epoxy, spread it out around 2-3cm, held it in place with my fingers until it was tacky enough to hold itself in place, and repeated that process until I'd gone all the way around the jaw. The entire process took around an hour. "5 minute epoxy," HAH!

Somewhere in this cluttered mess is the mask I'm making... Can you find it?

For reference, here is the mask before the "beard hider":

And here is after installing the "beard hider":

It brings together the last 5% to increase the visual effect by a lot more than that.

Welp, this is the part of the build log where I post heavily filtered images to make it look cooler than it probably does:

That's all for now. On to the next thing.

-Craig